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西方式饲料

以谷物为主的粗饲料
过去,Western类饲料是在以谷物为主的粗饲料里面加入大量的脂肪和胆固醇制成的。然而,这样做会稀释粗饲料中其他的营养成分(例如维他命、矿物质和蛋白质等)和非营养成分(如植物雌激素),因此它们在研究中的应用饱受诟病。

纯成分饲料
为了避免这个问题,对公众公开的纯成分饲料配方可以很容易地修改,以通过加入脂肪(如牛油和氢化椰子油)替代碳水化合物(如蔗糖和玉米淀粉)的卡路里的形式来刻意改变表型。这种修改方法保持了营养对卡路里比率,这个比率是非常重要的,因为动物普遍是为了热量而吃,而非食物重量。再者,以酪蛋白为基础的纯成分饲料不含植物雌激素(或其他的植物化学物质),而那些以谷物为主的粗饲料则会含有或多或少的这些物质(2)。由于这些含有植物雌激素源头(如大豆分离蛋白和大豆异黄酮)已被证明在多种啮齿目动物模型中直接影响动脉粥样硬化与脂蛋白代谢(3-9),应用纯化西方式饲料可以提供一种“清洁”试剂来诱导这种疾病。话虽如此,并非所有的啮齿目动物模型都会对一种特定的纯化西方式饲料产生相同反应。

1.  Cybulsky,MI, Lichtman,AH, Haijra,L, Iiyama,K. Leukocyte adhesion molecules in atherogenesis: Clinica Chimica Acta 286:207-218, 1999
2. Thigpen,JE, Setchell,KD, Ahlmark,KB, Locklear,J, Spahr,T, Caviness,GF, Goelz,MF, Haseman,JK, Newbold,RR, Forsythe,DB: Phytoestrogen content of purified, open- and closed-formula laboratory animal diets. Lab Anim Sci. 49:530-536, 1999
3. Brown,NM, Setchell,KD: Animal models impacted by phytoestrogens in commercial chow: implications for pathways influenced by hormones. Lab Invest 81:735-747, 2001
4. Mezei,O, Banz,WJ, Steger,RW, Peluso,MR, Winters,TA, Shay,N: Soy isoflavones exert antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effects through the PPAR pathways in obese Zucker rats and murine RAW 264.7 cells. J Nutr. 133:1238-1243, 2003
5. Kirk E, Sutherland P, Wang S, Chait A, LeBoeuf R: Dietary isoflavones reduce plasma cholesterol and atherosclerosis in C57BL/6 mice but not LDL receptor-deficient mice.  J Nutr 128:954-959, 1998
6.Torvar-Palacio C, Potter SM, Hafermann JC, Shay NF:  Intake of soy protein and soy protein extracts influences lipid metabolism and hepatic gene expression in gerbils.  J Nutr 128:839-42, 1998
7.Blair,RM, Appt,SE, Bennetau-Pelissero,C, Clarkson,TB, Anthony,MS, Lamothe,V, Potter,SM: Dietary soy and soy isoflavones have gender-specific effects on plasma lipids in Golden Syrian F1B Hybrid Hamsters. J Nutr 1323585-3591, 2002
8.Ascencio,C, Torres,N, Isoard-Acosta, F, Gomez-Perez,FJ, Hernandez-Pando,R, Tovar,AR: Soy protein affects serum insulin and hepatic SREBP-1 mRNA and reduces fatty liver in rats. J Nutr 134:522-529, 2004
9. Adams,MR, Golden,DL, Anthony,MS, Register,RC, and Koudy Williams,J: The inhibibory effect of soy protein isolate on atherosclerosis in mice does not require the presence of LDL receptors or alteration of plasma lipoproteins. J Nutr 132:43-49, 2002

 

OpenSource Diet
Formula:

D12079B

Irradiated:

D12079Bi

 
 
         
 
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